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The true story of America's first great explorer and adventurer—an African slave named Esteban Dorantes
Crossing the Continent takes us on an epic journey from Africa to Europe and America as Dr. Robert Goodwin chronicles the incredible adventures of the African slave Esteban Dorantes (1500-1539), the first pioneer from the Old World to explore the entirety of the American south and the first African-born man to die in North America about whom anything is known. Goodwin's groundbreaking research in Spanish archives has led to a radical new interpretation of American history—one in which an African slave emerges as the nation's first great explorer and adventurer.
Nearly three centuries before Lewis and Clark's epic trek to the Pacific coast, Esteban and three Spanish noblemen survived shipwreck, famine, disease, and Native American hostility to make the first crossing of North America in recorded history. Drawing on contemporary accounts and long-lost records, Goodwin recounts the extraordinary story of Esteban's sixteenth-century odyssey, which began in Florida and wound through what is now Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona, as far as the Gulf of California. Born in Africa and captured at a young age by slave traders, Esteban was serving his owner, a Spanish captain, when their disastrous sea voyage to the New World nearly claimed his life. Eventually he emerged as the leader of the few survivors of this expedition, guiding them on an extraordinary eight-year march westward to safety.
On the group's return to the Spanish imperial capital at Mexico City, the viceroy appointed Esteban as the military commander of a religious expedition sent to establish a permanent Spanish route into Arizona and New Mexico. But during this new adventure, as Esteban pushed deeper and deeper into the unknown north, Spaniards far to the south began to hear strange rumors of his death at Zuni Pueblo in New Mexico.
Filled with tales of physical endurance, natural calamities, geographical wonders, strange discoveries, and Esteban's almost mystical dealings with Native Americans, Crossing the Continent challenges the traditional telling of our nation's early history, placing an African and his relationship with the Indians he encountered at the heart of a new historical record.
- Sales Rank: #1169187 in eBooks
- Published on: 2008-10-01
- Released on: 2009-10-06
- Format: Kindle eBook
From Booklist
*Starred Review* In the book prepared from his Bampton Lectures in America, Riley-Smith devotes two chapters each to conceptions of crusading in two periods, that of the original Crusades, 1095–1300, and that of imperialism and nationalism in Africa and the Middle East, 1800–2007. In the earlier period, a crusade was, Riley-Smith unequivocally asserts and demonstrates from the theological and historical records, a “penitential war pilgrimage”; that is, it was a military action waged on behalf of God by soldiers who journeyed to the Holy Land and fought to free it from non-Christian rule in penitence for their sins. In the latter period came nineteenth-century attempts to revive the military religious orders of the Crusades, most notably by a French Catholic archbishop for the defense of missionaries and the abolition of slavery in north central Africa. Overlapping that brief, unsuccessful venture and continuing to this day, interpretations of the Crusades by novelist Walter Scott and historian Joseph-Francois Michaud have been employed to facilitate Western rapprochement with Islam and, contrarily, to formulate the historical-economic interpretation of Western-Islamic relations with which Muslim militants justify violent jihad (the Islamic form of crusade, Riley-Smith says). Full of major revelations for most readers, this richly informed little book should be considered essential for understanding crusading, then and now. --Ray Olson
Review
"Goodwin succeeds in lifting an important historical figure out of the fog of myth." ---The Washington Post
From the Back Cover
The true story of America's first great explorer and adventurer—an African slave named Esteban Dorantes
Crossing the Continent takes us on an epic journey from Africa to Europe and America as Dr. Robert Goodwin chronicles the incredible adventures of the African slave Esteban Dorantes (1500-1539), the first pioneer from the Old World to explore the entirety of the American south and the first African-born man to die in North America about whom anything is known. Goodwin's groundbreaking research in Spanish archives has led to a radical new interpretation of American history—one in which an African slave emerges as the nation's first great explorer and adventurer.
Nearly three centuries before Lewis and Clark's epic trek to the Pacific coast, Esteban and three Spanish noblemen survived shipwreck, famine, disease, and Native American hostility to make the first crossing of North America in recorded history. Drawing on contemporary accounts and long-lost records, Goodwin recounts the extraordinary story of Esteban's sixteenth-century odyssey, which began in Florida and wound through what is now Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona, as far as the Gulf of California. Born in Africa and captured at a young age by slave traders, Esteban was serving his owner, a Spanish captain, when their disastrous sea voyage to the New World nearly claimed his life. Eventually he emerged as the leader of the few survivors of this expedition, guiding them on an extraordinary eight-year march westward to safety.
On the group's return to the Spanish imperial capital at Mexico City, the viceroy appointed Esteban as the military commander of a religious expedition sent to establish a permanent Spanish route into Arizona and New Mexico. But during this new adventure, as Esteban pushed deeper and deeper into the unknown north, Spaniards far to the south began to hear strange rumors of his death at Zuni Pueblo in New Mexico.
Filled with tales of physical endurance, natural calamities, geographical wonders, strange discoveries, and Esteban's almost mystical dealings with Native Americans, Crossing the Continent challenges the traditional telling of our nation's early history, placing an African and his relationship with the Indians he encountered at the heart of a new historical record.
Most helpful customer reviews
15 of 15 people found the following review helpful.
Best depiction of the first transAmerican journey in 1526-1540
By C. Williams
I have known the story of the 4 travelers, since my dad recounted the tales to us as bedtime stories. In college, I took his course in Southwestern Literature (UofAZ)and he took two class periods to tell the story. We had to read "La Relacion" aka "Shipwrecks" which was a popular version told by Cabeza de Vaca himself, who was one of the 4 survivors after a shipwreck on Galveston Island and 4-5 years of slavery to Texas tribes before they crossed the land to Mexico and found Spaniards. In my twenties, I didn't think much about it and took it at face value.
In my 40's I recounted the story to a group of people among whom were African Americans.I was astounded that they didn't know it. I went back to CdeV's telling again and read it carefully. I had always talked up Esteban, because I loved him as a kid. Now I saw that although not mentioned much,Esteban was pivotal to the success of the journey. He was able to learn languages quickly and served as interpreter. He also seemed to fit right in with the native tribes and danced with them, ate with them and lead the way to the shamanism the others learned. It appeared women and children loved him. I scoured La Relacion, then went back to the Uof A and read everybody's ideas about him. No one really seemed to understand what he did- he was the real leader of the crossing and smoothed the way for the 3 Spanish aristocrats who made the journey with him- one of whom was his owner.
I also reached my own conclusion based on spending years as a teenager on the Navajo Reservation and visiting Zuni many times. I was stunned that the Zunis killed him. I could not believe they would act that out of character for the tribal values. I never felt right about the accounts of Esteban's death.
One book in the rare book collection referred to a piece of manuscript that had an alternative version of Esteban's biography. The lost piece of paper cinched it for me. I have also thought it was more than possible, it was probable. I always check every new version of the story and never have seen that reference anywhere again ........
Now that I am 70, I FINALLY found Goodwin's (2008) book and read it with relish. Not only is he the most thorough scholar of the subject, he is a delightful writer. Fresh and clean, not at all pedantic or obtuse. It is some of the best history writing I have ever come across. His scholarship is impeccable, his conjectures highly probable based on the evidence he presents. And he actually included that lost scrap of manuscript!
The book is really a mystery. What happened to Esteban? This is the second book that uses that piece of info, but Goodwin has approached it carefully, circling and laying down his evidence. I love it! I bow to Robert Goodwin!
18 of 19 people found the following review helpful.
A Slice of History
By J. Kaye Oldner
Crossing the Continent, by Robert Goodwin, is the story of the first African explorer of the American south. Esteban Dorantes (1500-1539?) was a Spanish slave, and through circumstance and ability, he was chosen to be a military commander of a religious expedition to establish a route into Arizona and New Mexico.
This book is part detective work since slaves in the Spanish empire at that time were not considered to be noteworthy and only through careful reading of the Spanish documents and Indian legends does Esteban's story come to light.
This book is part Goodwin's story on the methods of his research. I found this to be as interesting as Esteban's story. From ancient documents in Seville, Spain to museums in New York and to the Zuni Indians, Robert takes us on his adventure in piecing together the history.
This book is part descriptive. Goodwin has great details on life in Seville, Northern Africa, and Spanish America. What the Texas Indians were like and how they ate in early 1500's are much different than in the accounts in the 1700's. His background explanations of the historians and how books of the time shaped popular opinion bring to life how much has not changed.
This book is all history. Goodwin writes with an easy to read prose that blends in all parts to make is a good, historically accurate, story. I especially like how he puts people's motives in historical context. It makes for a fuller understanding of the story and the times. Crossing the Continent is not a quick read, but rather an enjoyment and wonderment of a slice of history.
(Reviewed by Steve, my husband.)
4 of 4 people found the following review helpful.
Stays with you
By WuMing
Let me say that this is a problematic book. The author has a number of pet theories and tries a bit too hard in places to make the available data--or lack thereof--fit his narrative. The ending, in particular, is mostly wishful thinking. And yet--
I read this book ~5 years ago and it still lingers in my mind.
It gave me a very different understanding of the early years of the European invasion of the Americas, for one thing. I'd read other books on the subject and was aware of both the horrendous treatment of the indigenous population and also that a few Africans accompanied even the earliest expeditions. I was not aware of how deeply rooted African slavery already was in Spain, and how the trading patterns established by both the Moors as well as early Portuguese explorers of Africa would wind up so profoundly affecting the social history of the Americas from the very beginning. I find myself looking at later history, especially in North America, in different ways as a result.
Secondly, Goodwin really enriches the story of Cabeza de Vaca and his fellow travelers. It's an amazing adventure even in its most traditional version (Cabeza de Vaca's own account). Goodwin closely examines that text along with several other contemporary documents, teasing apart their differences and the varying agendas of their authors to bring forward more hidden details that help build out the profile of his hero, the slave Estevan. The resulting reading, built on very interesting scholarship, is an inspiring portrait of adaptability and resilience as embodied by a man who had to start over and establish his value to those around him--all of them alien to him--again and again throughout his life.
As others have noted, the text meanders in between these and other threads, but what I've ultimately taken away from the book definitely outweighs those flaws.
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